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Every successful businessperson knows the value of strategic disclosure. Most, if not all, would advise you to share only that information with the public that is essential for success, only some things that can be shared. This principle applies to your private life as well. For instance, you don’t invite everyone into the intimate sections of your home. Instead, you carefully select the individuals permitted into your inner circle and the specific areas of your home where you engage with them.
Similarly, in the digital realms, you can establish dedicated virtual zones where outsiders can interact with only as much information as you deem appropriate. This is where the term ‘DMZ’ comes into play.
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What is a DMZ network, exactly?
Generally speaking, a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) network is an isolated network segment that works as a buffer between an organization's internal network and the external, untrusted network. So, when somebody asks, 'What is DMZ in networking?', you can explain that it's like a safety zone for the company’s online services, keeping them separate from the internal network so it is protected against potential threats from the internet.
A DMZ network serves as an additional layer of security, allowing you to host things like your website or email server in this semi-secure area.
How does a DMZ network work?
In the context of DMZ cybersecurity, a typical configuration involves positioning the DMZ between two firewalls, forming what is commonly known as a "dual firewall" architecture. These firewalls are used to enforce security policies or, more precisely, to determine which types of traffic are allowed to pass through based on predefined rules.
This means that, for instance, web or email servers in the DMZ may be accessible, but direct access to internal resources is blocked. This two-firewall approach helps organizations establish a strong security perimeter, protecting sensitive internal networks from external threats while still enabling access to public services.
Another popular approach is the 'single-firewall DMZ,' where only one firewall separates the DMZ from both the external and internal networks. This firewall is configured with rules to control traffic entering and leaving the DMZ, allowing specific types of traffic to reach public-facing services while restricting direct access to internal resources.
While simpler and more cost-effective than a dual firewall setup, a single-firewall DMZ may provide less rigorous security measures, potentially increasing the vulnerability of internal networks to external threats.
Here’s a quick comparison of the two discussed DMZ network architectures:
Dual-firewall design:
Uses two firewalls, one that separates the internal network from the DMZ, and the other that separates the DMZ from the external network.
The so-called ‘outer firewall’ filters incoming traffic, allowing only specific types to access the DMZ.
The ‘inner firewall’ monitors outgoing traffic from the DMZ and blocks unauthorized access to the internal network.
Single-firewall design:
Uses only one firewall deployed between the internal network and the DMZ.
First, internet traffic reaches the firewall. Then, based on predefined rules, the firewall directs appropriate traffic to either the DMZ or the internal network.
Benefits of using a DMZ network
As you can imagine, based on what we've discussed so far, there are many benefits to using a demilitarized zone network. Still, three are especially significant: Enabling access control, preventing network reconnaissance, and blocking internet protocol spoofing.
The first one, enabling access control, involves regulating and monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic to ensure only authorized users and data can access your internal network. This is done, of course, to reduce the risk of unauthorized access.
Preventing network reconnaissance helps companies conceal the details of their internal networks from potential attackers. This protection is crucial because it stops attackers from gathering information about the network’s structure and vulnerabilities.
Last but not least, blocking IP spoofing ensures that malicious entities cannot disguise their identity to gain unauthorized access and launch cyber attacks. This is essential for maintaining the integrity of network communications and preventing security breaches.
Why are DMZs important?
DMZ networks are crucial for enhancing network security by creating that additional layer between an organization's internal network and external networks. By isolating specific services, such as web and email servers, from the internal network, they reduce the risk of broader breaches if these services are compromised. So, by acting as a buffer zone, DMZ networks, often implemented through a dedicated DMZ server, provide an extra obstacle for attackers, improving an organization's overall security posture.
Examples of DMZs
Here are a few demilitarized zone network examples that can help you better understand how they can boost an organization’s cybersecurity.
Web servers
These servers host websites and web applications and act as the interface for online services that interact with external networks. By placing them in a DMZ, organizations can allow access to web content while reducing the risk of direct attacks on internal networks.
FTP servers
FTP servers, commonly employed for transferring files across networks, frequently store confidential information. Including them in a DMZ network allows external users to securely access files without jeopardizing the security of the internal network.
DNS servers
DNS servers are essential for internet communication, translating domain names into IP addresses. Putting them in a DMZ network can help prevent DNS attacks and reduce the likelihood of unauthorized access to sensitive network resources.
Proxy servers
When placed between clients and external servers in a DMZ architecture, proxy servers allow organizations to control and monitor internet traffic, safeguarding internal resources from potential threats by avoiding direct exposure.
VoIP servers
VoIP servers, which enable voice communication over the internet, are placed in a DMZ to ensure the security and reliability of voice services while shielding internal networks from unauthorized access and potential cyber-attacks.
How a password manager fits in the context of DMZ networks
Using a DMZ network to host various services and data is a great way to boost your organization’s cybersecurity. However, it’s not the only step you should take. Being cyber secure involves effectively addressing many challenges associated with keeping things private. For instance, while you can place email servers in the DMZ, it doesn’t mean individual company emails will be fully protected from potential hacks and data breaches.
To solve this problem, you'll need to utilize other tools. For instance, a robust password manager like NordPass offers advanced encryption and secure storage for your email account credentials. It also includes features such as the Password Generator and Data Breach Scanner, which help create strong, unique passwords for each email account and allow you to check if your email credentials have been compromised in a data breach.
Developing a DMZ network is not the end of the line. It’s just a part—albeit very significant—of improving an organization’s security posture. Therefore, if you want to ensure that your company is well protected against cyber threats, you also need to use other solutions, like password managers, to further enhance your cybersecurity strategy.